Jair Bolsonaro

While, in theory, the populist radical right ideology is hostile to international cooperation and sees International Relations as a zero-sum game, leaders from this camp have supported each other and adopted common elements in their …

This chapter focuses on debasement language in contemporary Brazilian political communication, analyzing Jair Bolsonaro’s YouTube livestreams from 2019 to 2020. We understand debasement language as a discourse aiming to demean, degrade, or discredit …